ELECTRICAL SAFETY TRAINING POWERPOINT

 

ELECTRICAL SAFETY TRAINING TIPS

Electrical safety is crucial in any workplace or environment where electrical equipment and systems are present. Here are some important tips for electrical safety training:

Understand electrical hazards: Educate yourself and others about the potential hazards associated with electricity, such as electrical shock, burns, and fires. Make sure everyone is aware of the risks involved and the importance of following safety procedures.

Use qualified personnel: Only trained and qualified individuals should work on electrical systems or equipment. Ensure that employees have the necessary knowledge, skills, and training to perform their tasks safely.

Follow safety procedures: Develop and enforce strict safety procedures and guidelines for working with electricity. This includes procedures for energizing and de-energizing equipment, lockout/tagout procedures, and safe work practices. Encourage employees to follow these procedures at all times.

Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE): Provide and require the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, such as insulated gloves, safety glasses, and flame-resistant clothing. Ensure that employees understand how to properly use and maintain their PPE.

Inspect electrical equipment: Regularly inspect electrical equipment, tools, and cords for any signs of damage or wear. Promptly repair or replace any damaged equipment to prevent electrical accidents.

Control electrical energy: Implement effective energy control measures, such as lockout/tagout procedures, to ensure that electrical systems and equipment are properly de-energized before maintenance or repair work. This helps prevent accidental energization and potential electrical hazards.

Keep work areas clean and organized: Maintain clean and clutter-free work areas to minimize the risk of electrical accidents. Properly store electrical cords, equipment, and tools when not in use to prevent tripping hazards and damage.

Avoid overloading circuits: Do not overload electrical circuits or outlets. Distribute electrical loads evenly and use surge protectors or power strips with built-in overload protection when necessary.

Report electrical issues: Encourage employees to report any electrical issues, malfunctions, or potential hazards they observe. Promptly address and resolve reported concerns to maintain a safe working environment.

Regular training and updates: Conduct regular electrical safety training sessions to refresh employees' knowledge and ensure they stay updated on best practices, regulations, and any new safety guidelines relevant to their work.

Remember, electrical safety is a shared responsibility, and everyone in the workplace should be vigilant and proactive in maintaining a safe electrical environment.

INTRODUCTION 

This training course aims to provide information regarding electricity, static electricity, hazards associated and precautions that have to be taken, to prevent any incident or accident.

GENERATING ELECTRICITY

Electricity, how does it work?

1. Friction, pressure, heat, light, chemical reaction, and magnetism,
2. Magnetism is the most practical & inexpensive method,
3. Electricity is produced when a magnet is moved past a piece of wire, or wire is moved through a magnetic field.

ELECTRICAL TERMS

1. Current - Electrical movement (measured in amps),
2. Circuit - The complete path of the current. Includes electricity source, a conductor, and the output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or heater),
3. Resistance - Restriction to electrical flow, 
4. Conductors - Substances, like metals, with little resistance to electricity that allows electricity to flow, 
5. Grounding - A conductive connection to the earth that acts as a protective measure,
6. Insulators - Substances with high resistance to electricity like glass, porcelain, plastic, and dry wood that prevent Electricity from getting to unwanted areas.

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Shall always be supposed that all electrical lines and equipment are energized and hazardous until all components have been properly isolated from electrical sources, grounded, tagged, locked out, and tested, by attempted Re-Energization.

PRIMARY HAZARDS

1. Electrocution (Electrical shock)
2. Fire and Explosions.

SECONDARY HAZARDS

• Burns
• Contact Burns
• Flash Burns
• Falls

Electrocution (electric shock)

1. An electric shock can occur when the human body is in contact with any source of voltage high enough to cause sufficient current flow through the body.  The current may cause tissue damage or heart fibrillation if it is sufficiently high.
2. Some Times high voltages lead to indirect injuries. 
3. High voltages can cause violent muscular contractions.
4. The indirect result can be injury resulting from a fall or even death if work is at high, or movement into machinery because of a shock.

THE EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT ON THE BODY

1. The danger from electrical shock depends on:

• The amount of the shocking current through the body, 
• The duration of the shocking current through the body, 
• The passing away of the shocking current through the body.

2. Current passing through the body depends on:

• Voltage applied
• Resistance of body and local conditions moisture of skin other factors (e.g. size, weight, etc.)

THE BODY RESISTANCE

1. Dry skin may have a resistance of 1,000,000 ohms. Wet skin may have a resistance of only 1,000 ohms.
2. The low resistance of wet skin allows current to pass into the body more easily and gives a greater shock.
3. When more force is applied to the contact point or when the contact area is larger, the resistance is lower, causing stronger shocks.

THE PASSING THROUGH THE BODY

1. The path of the electrical current through the body affects the severity of the shock.
2. Currents through the heart or nervous system are the most dangerous.  
3. If you contact a live wire with your head, your nervous system will be damaged. 
4. Contacting a live electrical part with one hand — while you are grounded on the other side of your body— will cause an electrical current to pass across your chest, possibly injuring your heart and lungs.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT ON THE BODY

1. 1 milliamp - Just a slight shake
2. 6 milliamps - A slightly disturbing shock, but not painful. But strong involuntary movements can cause injuries. 
3. 6 to 30 milliamps - Painful shock. Muscular control is lost.
4. 30 to 150 milliamps - Extremely painful shock, breathing stops, severe muscle contractions, ventricular fibrillation. Death is possible.
5. 1 to 4.3 amps - Heart pumping action is no more rhythmic (fibrillations occur). Muscles contract, and nerves damages occur. Death is probable.
6. 10 amps - Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable.

FIRST AID FOR PEOPLE SHOCKED BY ELECTRICITY

1. Do not touch the victim yourself if he is still in contact with an electrical circuit!
2. Shut off the electrical current if the victim is still in contact with the energized circuit
3. If you cannot get to the switchgear quickly, pull the victim from the circuit with something that does not conduct electricity such as dry wood.
4. Once that electrical current is no longer flowing through the victim, call the victim to see if he is conscious.
5. If the victim is conscious, tell the victim not to move. A shock victim can be seriously injured but not realize it.
6. Quickly examine the victim for signs of major bleeding.
7. If there is a lot of bleeding, place a cloth (such as a handkerchief or bandanna) over the wound and apply pressure.
8. If the wound is in an arm or leg and keeps bleeding a lot, gently elevate the injured area while keeping pressure on the wound.
9. Keep the victim warm and talk to him or her until help arrives.
10. If the victim is unconscious, check for signs of breathing. While you do this, move the victim as little as possible.
11. If the victim is not breathing, someone trained in CPR should begin artificial breathing, then check to see if the victim has a pulse.  Quick action is essential! To be effective, CPR must be performed within 4 minutes of the shock.
12. Electricity is one of the most common causes of fires and thermal burns in homes and workplaces. 
13. Defective or misused electrical equipment is a major cause of electrical fires. 
14. If there is a small electrical fire, be sure to use a multi-purpose (ABC) fire extinguisher or CO2 fire extinguisher.
15. However, do not try to put out fires unless you have received proper training.
16. If you are not trained, the best thing you can do is evacuate the area, raise the alarm, and call for help.

ELECTRICAL FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS

1. An electrical explosion is the impulsive release of energy due to a short circuit between power phases or a phase to ground. 
2. It is important to realize that a very large amount of energy is available in many electrical panels when they are operating. 

ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS

1. More serious explosions occur when a short circuit causes the collapse of the magnetic field in the transformer. 
2. When this happens, there is an instantaneous release of the energy stored in the transformer in the form of a fault current. 
3. The most important aspect of designing an electrical system is to make sure that the protective fuses and circuit breakers are capable of handling the maximum available fault current. 
4. When fault current ratings are exceeded circuit breakers weld together and are unable to clear the fault.

CONTROLLING SITE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

1. Inadequate wiring. 
2. Exposed electrical parts. 
3. Overhead power lines. 
4. Wires with bad insulation can give you a shock. 
5. Electrical systems and tools that are not grounded or double-insulated. 
6. Overloaded circuits. 
7. Damaged power tools and equipment. 
8. Using the wrong PPE. 
9. Using the wrong tool.  
10. Ladders that conduct electricity. 
11. Humidity and/or the worker, location, or equipment are wet. 
12. Site electrical installation to comply with electrical safety standards,
13. Only a competent electrician for operation/maintenance,
14. Electrical apparatus double isolated and/or ground,
15. Cable-resistant and waterproof,
16. Temporary electrical cable shall be routed safely, elevated by proper means, and/or protected from damage or trip,
17. Prevent shocking currents from electrical systems and tools by grounding them or utilizing double-insulated tools.
18. Prevent shocking currents by using GFCIs.
19. Prevent too much current in circuits by using over-current protection devices.
20. Maintain a safe distance from live parts, cable, and equipment (min. 5 meters)
21. Utilize only low-voltage equipment in restricted places

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ELECTRICAL SAFETY TRAINING POWERPOINT